Sand-molding apparatus.



No. 697,385. Patented Apr. 8, |902.

S. J. ADAMS.

SAND MOLDING APPARATUS.

(Application led Mar. 30, 1897.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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No. 697,385. Patented Apr, 8, |902.

n S. J. ADAMS. SAND MLDING APPARATUS.

@Application mea Mar. so, 1897-.) f (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

STEPHEN JARVIS ADAMS, OF PITTSBURG, VPENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO IWIARCELLIN C. ADAMS, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

SAND-MOLDING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 697,385, dated April 8, 1902.

Application tiled March 30,1897.

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known thatl, STEPHEN J Anvis ADAMS, a resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Sand-Molding Apparatus; and I do hereby 'declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to apparatus for form- Io ing sand molds, and more especially to that class in which the sand is compacted around the pattern and within the flask or within the core-box by jarring. A The invention relates to certain improvements upon the Letters Patent No. 210,393,

granted to me December 3, 1878.

As this invention has been practiced it has been found that where a shallow reservoir holding the sand above the flask was emzo ployed without any follower of any kind the sand would rebound, both within the upper part of the flask and within the reservoir above the same, s o that it was impossible to compact the upper part of the mold as firmly as the lower part thereof.` It was also found, however, that where the follower or weight, such as shown in said patent, was employed it would cant and bind within the reservoir and was difficult to handle properly, while 3o unless a heavy weight were employed it was affected by a tendency to rebound, and vtherefore that perfect accurate work could not'be performed. In operating this class of ma-V chinery by power apparatus it has always been found that where the power was not applied in a direct line central with the jarring table and having a straight vertical movement there was great liability of the sand jarring slightly to one or the other side 4o and packing more solidly against one side of the ask or against one side of the pattern than against the other side,'leaving the sand on the other side sufficiently loose and spongy to be pressed out by the metal and forming a swell or enlargement upon the casting. It was also found practically impossible to form shallow molds by this jarring process onaccount of the rebound of the sand above described and the difficulty of holding the sand 5o toplace or of distributing it evenly over the pattern, while the side movement of the jar- Serial No. 629,917. (No model.)

ring-table above referred to affected the body of sand, the jar giving a whip-stroke, as it might be described, which causedl the sand vto moveto one side of the fiask or reservoir,

there being no means of holding it directly over that portion of the pattern against which it was intended toI pack it. These difficulties are overcome by the apparatus herein described, some of the features of which may be brieiy stated as follows: To provide for the even packing of the sand and to prevent the rebound thereof, I provide a guided moldfollower which enters the reservoir as the sand is jarred down therein and holds the sand from rebound, this being assisted materially by a follower holder or retainer which prevents backward movement of the guided follower. This guided follower is also preferably arranged with a recess corresponding substantially to the shape of the pattern, so that it will provide for a more even packing of the sand throughout the mold, this being especially of advantage in the formation of shallow molds. To obtain the direct'vertical jar, Ihave formed a central guideway through the anvil on which the jarring-table strikes to impart the jar to the mold and have provided a lifting bar extending upwardly through this anvil, the power for raising the table being applied to the lifting-bar below the anvil.

In the forming of a mold the regular practice has been to impart to the same a series of jars of substantially the same length; but I have found that a better mold can be formed by employing jars of short length in the first part of the operation, and thereby distributing the sandthroughout the mold, and then following such short jars with one or more longer jars,which will act to compact the sand 'evenly within the mold after the distributing thereon by the-short jars.

My invention comprises certain other improvements, which will be hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in whichv Figure lis a side view, partly broken away, of apparat-us embodying the invention, the

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jarring-table being raised. Fig. 2 is a like View, the jarring-table resting on the anvil or block and the parts being shown in their usual positions when the mold is compacted. Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the anvilblock at 3 3, Fig. 2, showing the guiding devices for the guide-post or lifting-bar. Fig. 4 is a detailed perspective View showing the way of connecting the yoke to the jarringtable. Fig. 5 is a side View, partly broken away, of a modification of the apparatus, showing a different way of lifting the jarringtable and of holding the guided follower from backward movement; and Fig. 6 is a side View showing another form of follower provided with means for the guiding of the same.

Like letters indicate like parts in each of the gures.

The apparatus embodying the invention mayinclude dierent forms, such as the several forms illustrated in the drawings; but that shown in Figs. 1 to 4 is the preferable form, and I will give a more detailed description of it.

The operative mechanism to be hereinafter described is located under the working door a, and the anvil or jarring-block b rests on this floor, having the guide-passage Z2 formed centrally thereof and passing vertically through the same, through which the liftingbar c passes, said bar carrying at the upper end the jarring-table CZ, the lifting-bar c being secured to the table at the center thereof, so that it will lift the same and impart a perfeet vertical jar thereto, the lifting-bar c being guided within the guideway ZJ' of the jarring-block. Resting on the jarring-table CZ is the pattern-plate e, carrying the pattern e', around which is the flask f, While resting upon the ask is the reservoir g, the flask and reservoir being held in line in any suitable way, such as the guides g. Above the reservoir and adapted to enter the same as the sand is jarred downwardly is the guided follower h, which in the construction shown in Figs. l to 3 is mounted in the yoke 7c, which yoke carries the guideway 7o for the guided follower. Under the floor or working platform a is the mechanism for lifting the bar c, this mechanism in Figs. 1 and 2 being shown as a cam of peculiar form, which is shown at Z, and being mounted on the standards c' and bearings i. These are the general features of the apparatus, and I will now proceed to describe the same more in detail.

The anvil-block b is preferably of metal, the guideway b being cast or drilled therein, and in the preferable construction suitable guide-blocks b2 extend in seats Z13, formed thereforin the block, and provide foraccurate adjustment for the lifting-bar c, and thereby insure accurate vertical movement of the same. I generally employ a set of guideblocks b2 near the upper end of the anvilblock and a like set near the lowerend thereof. It will be noticed that the lifting-bara is anguiar, and the inner ends of the guide-blocks Z9 therefore fit this angular bar. The body portions of the guide-blocks b2 are preferably cylindrical in shape and fit in like-shaped seats in the anvil-block, and they may be adjusted and locked in any suitable way, such as by adjusting-screws b4, bearing against the ends of the guide-block and passing through yokes b5, extending out from the blocks, or by set-screws b, or in other ways well known to the skilled mechanic. In this way the power for lifting the jarring-table is applied centrally thereof, and the lifting-bar can be so adjusted as to give absolutely vertical movement in raising the jarring-table and guiding it in its descent.

It will be noticed that the lower end of the lifting-bar c extends below the platform c and carries the antifriction-roller c', which engages with the faces of the cam Zand by which the lifting-bar is raised. To prevent side strain upon the bar, I employ the two standards t', mounting the cam Zin bearings t" upon these standards, so that it rotates between the same, while the lifting-bar c carries antifriction-rollers c2, which travel along the face of the standards t' and so resist the side strain which would be brought upon the lifting-bar. This peculiar way of mounting the lifting-bar and cam forms the subject-matter of a separate application filed April 2, 1897, Serial No. 630,412. The cam illustrated is one well suited for the forming of the mold and illustrates the preferable way of obtaining the peculiar jarring action above referred to, having a series of cam-arms Z Z2 Z3, which have short strokes, while the cams Z Z5 Z6 have long strokes, the length of the throws of these respective arms being regulated according to the mold to be formed, and, if desired, either the cam-arms giving short strokes or those giving long strokes, respectively, can be made with grad ually-increasing length of stroke to each arm. This is generally desirable in connection with the long strokes, where each packing stroke will increase in length, and therefore give a heavier jar, the last stroke being the longest and giving the heaviest jar. It will be noticed that each cam-arm is formed of an inclined face Z7, by which the-lifting-bar is raised, and a straight or practically radial face ZS, which permits the bar to drop without contact with the cam until the jarring-table strikes the anvil-block ZJ. The lifting-bar is sufficiently short to prevent the roller c' from touching the cam when its reaches its lowest position, so that injury to the roller is prevented. In Fig. 5 I have shown another means of obtainingstrokes ofdilerent length, this being accomplished by means of a cylinder to be operated by steam or other fluid, the cylinder being supported under the platform a, in such position that the lifting-bar c forms a continuation of the piston-rod. The cylinder C has a suitable valve-box C for controlling its movement, and, as above stated, the

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cept in connection .withfthe yoke for-holdingJ the parts thereto, as hereinbefore described.

The pattern-plate e, with its pattern e', rests',l directly upon this table, while the flask f and reservoir g are of the ordinary or any suitable construction.

drawings,has a central recess h2, corresponding substantially in shape to the pattern e', this guided follower having rigidly secured thereto the guide-stem 71,', which moves within the guide-tube 7c', forming part ofthe yoke 7c, a spring-pawl h3 holding the followervup within the guide-box when not in use. To provide for the proper clamping of the parts upon the table, the lyoke has either the hollow -box 76 or the guide-bars 7a3, extendingA downtherefrom around or on each side ofthe follower 7i and resting'upon the ltop of thev reservoir g and so providing for the clamping of these parts tothe jarring-table, the yoke 7s having the swinging clamp-bars 7a4 depend-Y ing therefrom and engaging with the table dvv in any suitable way. Y In the construction illus-i tratedthe table d has slots c7' formed-in theside thereof, and these yoke-bars 7a4 enterthe turn the camsandclamp-the yoke to the table. In this way lie-holds firmly to place not onlythe yoke, but the patternwith its plate, the flask, the reservoir,-and the'guidef box 7a2, inclosing the follower 71 so clamping all the parts rigidlytogether rea-dy for form-- ing the mold. The follower-guideway 7s' extends upl a suflcient distanceto provide for properlyv guiding the follower by means of its guide-bar 7l', and at the upper end thereof has -bearings'm, in whichiis mounted the eccentric fm, \vhich'-acts as a retainer for the follower 7L to prevent its upward movement after the jar, this eccentric beingmounted, as shown,toone side of a vertical line through the guideway 7s', so that it has a tendency to drop toone side under the jar, and as the follower descends upon the jarring stroke the eccentric will through the same jarring stroketurn inits bearing as far as the upper end of the Aguide-,bar 7L' of the follower will permit and will then prevent the follower guide-bar 7L from rising, so retaining it in'position and preventing any reactin gv of the follower which Above the flask f is'the guided follower 7L, which, as. shown in the' might occur on the natural rebound from the jar; The guideway 7e' of the clamp is-splita sufficient distance to permit of all necessary swing, of this eccentric. i n

The eccentric mhas an arm m2, which forms a weight giving it a tendencyto follow down after the guide-,bar 7L' and which has another advantage, as itY provides an' easy-way for withdrawing the eccentric and for lifting 0E the clamping-yoke and followerwhen the mold isvfinished. A simple and handy way of arranging these parts is shown inthe drawings. The clamping yoke, withits follower and other parts carried thereby, is hung from a rope n, which passes around pulleys n n2 and carries a weight n3, which substantially counterbalances the yoke. Suitable loose weights may of course be added to the weight n3, as shown, according to the weight ofthe yoke and follower em-ployed. These parts are thus held up out ofthe way untilneeded, when to lower the yoke I provide the pulley pf, around which theY rope p passes, being either connected to the rope n or to the weight, the rope p extending down in position for the operator and having either the hand-stirrup p2 or the foot-stirrup p3 in suchposition that it can be easily grasped, and by pressure upon the same the weight ni be raised, which will permit the descent of the yoke and the securing of the same in proper position for making the mold.

While the cam or eccentric m forms an efficientretaining means for the 'mold-follower,

any'suitableform of 'retainer maybe ,ein-- ployed', that shown in Fig. 5 beinga ratchet mechanism, thefollower q having the guidebarl q', vprovided with a ratchet-,rack q2 on one face thereof, while the clamping` mechanism carries a spring-operated pawl'tf, mounted thereon, which will take into the rack of the guide-bar and will hold the same from :upward movement upon the descent of the follower upon the v jarring stroke. also shows another change in detail, the clamping-yoke having itsv standards fr secured to the jarring-table and its clamping-bar r'v mounted on one of said arms and swinging over and engaging the other` arm and'being forced downwardly by a .hand-nut r2 upon this arm, so as to clamp the parts firmly u pon the table.

rPhe means for guiding the follower maybe varied as desired, an example-of other guid-A ing means being shown in Fig. 6,-in which a reservoir s, of somewhat greater length than the ordinary reservoir, lis employed and-the follower s" has extending around or:rising at certain points on its outer edge Vertical guides S2, extending upwardly and guidingthe Inovewith the inner walls of the reservoir. Tovpre- This. figure IOO .I 25 ment of the follower through their alinement -the flask and form the mold.

pulley s for raising the follower out of the reservoir.

Some of the features shown in Figs. 5 and G form the subject-matter of a separate application of cven date herewith, Serial No. 029,918.

Vhen the apparatus illustrated in Figs. l to l,lis employed, the usual "course in forming molds is as follows: The jarring-table c7 of course rests normally upon the anvil-block Z1, while the clamp-frame 7c, held by the counterweight n3, is held up out of the way of the workman. To make a mold, the operator places the flask upon a pattern-plate and sifts a certain amount of mealy sand over the pattern to fill as well as possible the different depressions therein and then places the reservoir g upon the flaskfand fills the reservoir with sand. Ile then draws down upon the rope p by the hand-stirrup p2 or foot-stirrup p3, which raises the weight vn3 and permits the clamping-frame 7c, carrying the guideblock 7L,to descend. Ile then brings the clamping-frame into position, so that the box 7a2, inclosing the guide 7L, fits upon the lrop of the reservoir g, and he swings the bars 7a4 into the slots (l of the jarring-table and presses down upon the cam-arms 7c, and so clamps all the parts-clamp-frame, reservoir, flask, and pattern-plate-iirmlyto the jarring-table. The apparatus is then ready for the forming of the mold, and the follower 7L is freed, so that it can drop upon the sand in the reservoir g when the apparatus is ready to form the mold. Power is then applied to rotate the cam 7, which through its several cam-arms imparts the necessary jars to pack the sand within There the irregular form of cam illustrated in Figs. l and 2 is employed, the first operation will be to impart a few short jars to the sand wit-hin the flask and reservoir, which will distribute the sand over the pattern and into the smallest recesses thereof, it being found that while a heavy jar in forcing down a large bulk of sand may permit bridging over the delicate parts of the pattern, yet that a few short jars will properly fill the sand into the smallest depressions and cause it to conform to the delicate parts of the pattern, and so prepare it more perfectly for the actual packing jars. This is the action of the first three strokes imparted by the cam 7, and as a rcsult of these distributing strokes where the guided follower having a recess therein conforming, substantially, to the pattern is employed this follower will descend with the sand, which will be permitted to rise under the rebound of the jars into the recess h2 thereof, while the lower portions of the follower conform to the space around the pattern, so that the body of sand around and above the pattern is of substantially the same thickness above both the pattern and the space around the pattern, the body of sand being brought to this condition before the heavy jarring strokes for packing are imparted thereto.

Where the sand is in this condition and where the guided follower held from rebound is employed, a few long jars will properly pack the sand within the mold, and these are obtained by the long cam-arms of the cam Z, which 0perate to raise the jarring-table through the lifting-bar c and permit the same to drop upon the anvil-block b and impart such long jars, while the follower 7L descends at each jar andis sustained against rebound, and therefore holds the sahd against such rebounding action, which is natural to it, so that in this way a solidly and evenly packed mold is obtained. During this operation the lift imparted to the jarring-table and parts carried by it is in a true vertical line, as the liftingbar passing up through the anvil-block is properly guided and is perfectly free in its descent to permit the direct vertical drop of the table, so that all liability of side movement when the jar is imparted to the sand is done away with land the sand will pack by direct vertical movement and the formation of soft spots on one or the other side of the pattern prevented. In case of wear on this lifting-bar provision is made to take this up by means of the guide-blocks b2, above referred to, and at the same time the rollers c2, 9,

traveling on the guide-face of the standards t', resist any tendency to side movement ofthe lower or free end of the lifting-bar underpressure ofthe cam. Vhen the jars are imparted to the table, the follower 7L of course descends under the influence of the jar; but it cannot cantor move out of its proper course, because it is properlygnided,as by the guide-bar 7t,and it cannot rebound, because the retainer, such as the eccentric m, turning under the jarring action holds down the guide-bar and prevents its rising again if there be any such tendency, acting therefore as a retainer for the follower through such guide-bar. During the formation of the mold the operator has through his hand or foot power to hold up the weight n3, and thereby permit the weight of the cam-iframe and its follower to aid in the jarring action, and when the mold is completed the operator simply frees the clamparms 7.3VL through the movement of the cams 705 and draws them out of the slots d', and he then permits the weight n3 to raise the clamping apparatus and follower out of the way, the follower being either at that time or before making the next mold raised to be engaged by the pawl 7c:3 and held up out of the way, so that the parts can be adj usted in making another mold. He then removes the reservoir, cuts olf the surplus sand, and lifts the mold, with the flask and pattern, from the table, withdraws the pattern, and proceeds to form anothermoldin the way above described. In the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 the operation is practically the same, differing only in the preparation for the making of the mold and the slight difference of mechanism above described, and in the making of the mold the desired short distributing jar- IOO IIO

ring strokes can be first imparted to the jarring-table and afterward the necessary long packing strokes with effect the same as that above described. In this operation the ratchet-rack q2 on the guide-bar q slips past the pawl g3, which, however, catches in the rack and prevents backward movement of the guided follower, so retaining the follower in the lowest position to which it is moved by the garringstroke. In the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 there is substantially the same action, the follower being guided downwardly and prevented fromcanting by the guides traveling along the innerV face of the reservoir, while the follower can be sufficiently weighted to retain it in place and to prevent the rebound of the sand. In this way I am enabled to form more perfect molds by the jarring process, to improve that process in important particulars, and to overcome difficulties encountered in the process as heretofore practiced which affected both the way of working and the resultant molds.

The method disclosed herein is not claimed in this application, but is claimed in a division of this application filed February G, 1901, Serial No. 46,161.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of a jarring-block having a central passage through the same, a jarringtable resting on said block, a lifting-bar connected to said table and passing through said block, lifting mechanism operating upon said lifting-bar below the jarring-block, and adjustable guides within the jarring-block for controlling the movement of the liftingbar, substantially as set forth.

2. rlhe combination of a j arring-block having a central passage through the same, a jarring-table resting on said block, a lifting-har connected to said table and passing through said'block, lifting mechanism operating upon said lifting-bar below the jarring-block, horizontal slots formed in the jarring-block, and guide-blocks fitting in said slots and engaging with the lifting-bar, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a jarring-block having a central passage through the same, a jarring-,table resting ou said block, alifting-bar connected to said table and passing through said block, lifting mechanism operating upon said lifting-bar below the jarring-block, horizontal slots formed in the upper part of the jarring-block and in the lower part of the jarring-block respectively, and guide-blocks fitting in said slots and engaging with the lifting-bar, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, and a lifting-cam operating to raise said table and permit it to drop upon the jarring-block, said cam having one or more short cam-arms and one or more long camarms, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

l 5. The combination of ajarring-block and a j arring-table, a iiask, a reservoir, and afollower adapted to enter the reservoir and hold the sand from rebound in jarring, and a guide connected to and above the follower-body to hold the same horizontal, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a ask, a reservoir, a clamping-frame above the reservoir and carrying a guideway, andia follower having a guide entering such guideway, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a flask, a reservoir, a clampingframe adapted to 'be secured to the table and carrying a guideway and having a support engaging with the reservoir, and a follower within said support adapted to enter the reservoir and havingaguide entering said guideway, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a ask, a reservoir, a guided follower and a retainer for said follower arranged to prevent back movement thereof during the jarring operation, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a ask,a reservoir, and a clamping-frame engaging the reservoir and having depending bars detachably engaging with the jarring-table, substantially as set forth.

' 10. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table having slots in the edges thereof, a flask, a reservoir, and a clamping-frame having depending arms entering said slots and carrying cams engaging with the lower face of the jarring-table, substantially as set forth.

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11. The combination of a jarringblock, a

jarring-table, a iiask, a reservoir, a clampingfranie carried by said table and having a guideway thereon and a bearing above the guideway, a follower having a guide-bar en tering said guideway and a cam mounted in said bearing and contacting with the upper end of the guide bar, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a fiask, a reservoir, a clampingframe, a pulley above the table, a rope connected to the frame and passing over the pulley and a counterbalancing-weight connected to said rope, substantially as s'et forth.

13. In sand-molding apparatus, the combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a iiask, a reservoir, a clamping-frame, a pulley above the table, a rope connected to the frame and passing over the pulley and a counterbalancing-weight connected to said rope, and an operating-rope adapted to raise the weight and permit the descent of the eiampin gef rame, substantially as set forth.

14. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a flask, a reservoir, a clampingframe, a pulley above the table, a rope connected to the frame and passing over the pulley and a counterbalancin g-weight connected to said rope, and an operating-rope adapted to raise the Weight and permit the descent of the clamping frame and having stirrnps therein, substantially as set forth.

l5. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a ask, a reservoir, a jarringframe Carrying a follower and having a bearing, a cam mounted in said bearing and engaging with the follower and having an arm thereon, a pulley above the jarring-table, a rope connected to said cam-arm and passing over said pulley, and a counterbalaneing- Weight connected to the rope, substantially as set forth.

16. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarringtable, a flask, a reservoir, a single clamping means arranged to secure both the reservoir and flask to the table, and a guided follower adapted to enter the reservoir, substantially as set forth.

17. The combination of a jarring-block, a jarring-table, a flask, a reservoir, a follower adapted to enter the reservoir and a retaining device arranged to engage therewith and prevent back movement during,r the jarring operation, substantially as seb forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said STEPHEN J ARVIS ADAMS, have hereunto set my hand.

STEPHEN JARVIS ADAMS.

lVi tnesses:

ROBERT C. TOTTEN, Roer. D. ToTTEN. 

